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电子秤的日常维护及检修
 

 

   
 

电子秤的日常维护及检修
1.1.1、保持电子秤整机清洁
    电子秤是一种精密的计量器具,保持整机清洁,对延长其使用寿命,提高计量精度有着重要意义。
要保持电子秤各部位不积尘土和油污,保持各活动关节灵活自如,防止锈蚀现象,在多尘和有腐蚀气体等恶劣环境下使用更应及时清尘、保洁。
1.1.2、避免电子秤受剧烈推动和碰撞、冲击力
    电子秤内部由许多电子元器件组成,如集成电路、石英晶体、显示器件、传感器等等,当电子秤受到剧烈外力时,可能会损坏这些元、配件,造成电子秤故障,影响精度以致影响正常使用,要避免秤体和其它物品强烈碰撞或从高空摔下,显示仪表要轻拿轻放,精心管理,不可在强阳光下长时间爆晒,以防不必要的损失,仪表固定在振动较剧烈的地方时,要采取减振措施,以免影响其可靠性。

1.1.3不要随意拆卸电子秤上的零部件
    电子秤正常使用过程,不要随意拆卸电子秤上的零部件,更不要拆卸传感器的密封和仪表上的集成电路等元件,必要的维修,必须在有关技术人员的指导下或具备一定的维修知识后进行,以防故障扩大。

1.1.4电子秤的管理
    电子秤属精密贵重仪器,建议用户制定必要的管理制度,实行专人、专管、专用,建立必要的使用和维修记录,长期不用要定点存放,防晒、防潮、防尘。

1.1.5电池组要及时充电
    电子秤配备的电池组是可充的蓄电池,其容量有限,长期不用或工作中显示欠电指示时,应及时给电池充电,以免电池过度放电,影响电池使用寿命,要经常检查电池包装是否破损,引线是否完好,以防短路、损坏电池及电子秤电路。电池充电方法请参照电子秤操作说明书或本书有关章节内容。

1. 2 维修用检测设备

    检修电子秤时,为了准确判断故障部位,需要一些必要的仪器设备进行测试,以便迅速查出故障部位,进行修复。检修电子秤常用的仪器设备有:示波器、万用表、逻辑笔、场强计等,现就几种基本测试设备介绍如下:
⑴示波器
    示波器是电子秤检修中常用的观测仪器,可检测电路各点波形的电平幅度、脉冲前后沿、脉宽、相位周期等,比较方便直观。
⑵逻辑测试笔
    逻辑测试笔可检测数字逻辑电路电平状态,是高电平还是低电平、脉冲极性,有的还可对被测脉冲进行计数,以判断有无脉冲和有多少个脉冲等,携带方便,使用简单。
⑶万用表
    万用表是一种最常用的仪表,价格低廉、实用,用它可检测电路中电流、电压、电阻,还可测试电路通断和三极管、二极管、电容、电位器等元器件的好坏等。
考虑到一般用户不可能有比较全的仪器设备,本书将着重介绍以万用表(DT890数字万用表为例)进行检修和测试的方法。

1.3 常见故障分类

1.3.1无线方式时不工作
1.3.2有线方式时不工作
1.3.3无线与有线方式均不工作
1.3.4电池插头或插座坏
1.3.5充电机不允电
1.3.6 显示器不显示或显示缺划、多划
1.3.7 打印机故障
1.3.8 工作距离近
1.3.9 键盘失效或操作不灵活
1.3.10 称量不准
1.3.11 其它故障

1.4 检修方法

检修人员必须具备一定的电子技术和数字电路知识,全面了解电子秤的基本工作原理、性能,并能熟练掌握电子秤的操作。
维修人员在动手检修前,首先要了解故障现象和使用情况,例如:现场情况、环境条件、有无超重现象,秤体和仪表是否有碰撞、外伤,故障现象及发生时间等等,还要做一些外观检查,目的是缩短检修时间。
检修时一般可根据故障现象,用听、嗅、看、摸、键操作等方法进行,使电子秤带电工作状态,按正常使用进行检查。
1.4.1 听:秤在工作时是否有异常响声,有无报警声,响声是否有规律;
1.4.2 嗅:电子秤是否有异常气味,如变压器、引线、元件、印制板等因电路发热,烧坏等原因,可能发出很大的异味;
1.4.3 看:显示器显示状态,是否有提示,外观是否有损伤。各连接件是否可靠;
1.4.4 操作电子秤各功能是否正常,按键是否灵活、有效;
1.4.5 拆开机盖,触摸集成电路和元器件,感觉温度是否过高,对可疑器件可用好器件直接替代,此法对整机电流过大的故障特别有效。
1.4.6 仪器检查是在以上检查的基础之上,缩小检查范围,利用仪器对故障部位电压、电流进行检测,分析判断找出故障点或损坏的器件。
注:在未接通仪表和秤体信号时,打开电源检查仪表,某些功能不起作用是正常的,遇此情况要注意,不要误判键功能故障。

1.5 故障检查项目

1.5.1 保险管是否烧坏,电源是否正常(包括200V电源或蓄电池)
1.5.2 电池插头、插座是否接触不良或损坏;
1.5.3 天线是否损坏或引线接触不良;
1.5.4 充电机是否可正常充电,电池是否容量不足或老化;
1.5.5 显示仪表显示情况是否正常或有提示;
1.5.6 打印机工作是否正常,机身是否较脏;
1.5.7 键盘是否失效或不灵活;
1.5.8 如有两台以上的同类秤,可交换仪表,用有线进行检查;

1.6 维修注意事项

1.6.1 选用元器件要与原损坏元器件型号及主要参数相一致,并要认真筛选,不得随意使用代用品;
1.6.2 焊接元器件使用的电烙铁应选用小于25w的,并将外壳可靠接行,以防静电损坏元器件;
1.6.3 不要带电插拔或焊接元器件;
1.6.4 焊接时间要适当,不要太长,助焊剂可用松香,绝对禁止使用腐蚀性较强的酸性助焊剂;
1.6.5 元器件焊接面,引脚要处理好,防止虚、假焊;
1.6.6 焊点表面清洁,无毛刺、气孔等,表面的污垢、助焊剂残留物等要及时清理掉;
1.6.7 拆有密封地方后,安装时要用有机磷胶密封,以防水和有害气体侵入;
1.6.8 对疑难故障和自行处理有困难的,请及时与本公司联系,以便及时安排修理。


 

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